According to the latest cervical cancer screening guidelines of the International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HPV genetic surveillance combined with cytology is a new driving force in cervical cancer screening and diagnosis. Compared with other cervical cancer screening methods, HPV genetic surveillance is less influenced by human factors, has high sensitivity, and is used for population screening with less than 5% miss rate and 99% negative predictive value. For women over 30 years old, HPV surveillance is used as primary screening and HPV high-risk subtypes (16 and 18) combined with cytology as secondary screening, which is a better-evaluated screening protocol at present.