The epidemiological survey conducted by the Ministry of Health in recent years shows that the rate of hepatitis B surface antigen carriage in our population has decreased significantly, but the situation of hepatitis B prevention and treatment is still serious due to the large population in China. The hepatitis B virus is the culprit of chronic hepatitis B. If the human body is infected with the hepatitis B virus and the virus is still not cleared in 6 months, it becomes chronic hepatitis B. The goal of treatment for chronic hepatitis B is to reduce the number of hepatitis B viruses in the patient’s body, but also to maximize the inhibition of viral replication and interrupt disease progression. The use of anti-hepatitis B virus drugs to maximize long-term inhibition or elimination of the virus in order to reduce the inflammatory necrosis of liver cells and liver fibrosis, the purpose is to delay and stop the occurrence and development of hepatitis B to serious diseases such as cirrhosis and liver cancer, so as to improve and enhance the quality of life and survival of hepatitis B patients. In recent years, the latest clinical studies have found that liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B can even be reversed under long-term treatment with effective antiviral drugs. The complex structure of the hepatitis B virus, which is closely bound to the nucleus of hepatocytes, determines that the complete removal of the hepatitis B virus is very difficult, and therefore determines that the treatment of patients with slow hepatitis B is a long-term process. At present, there are two major categories of drugs recognized by domestic and foreign experts as having real anti-hepatitis B virus effects: interferons, including ordinary interferons and pegylated interferons, and nucleoside (acid) analogs, including lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir, tipifudine, tenofovir, etc. Interferon treatment is a course of treatment, and nucleoside (acid) analogue treatment takes longer to administer, and some patients have to be treated with medication for life. Chronic hepatitis B is treatable, but it is important to choose the right patient for treatment. Patients with chronic hepatitis B with viral replication, abnormal liver function transaminases greater than two times the normal line, liver pathology with significant inflammation and liver fibrosis are the target of treatment. Patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis, including compensated and decompensated cirrhosis, should be treated with antiviral therapy if the virus is replicating. Some patients have elevated transaminases, and although liver-protective and enzyme-lowering drugs can normalize transaminases, they cannot inhibit hepatitis B virus replication and sometimes even mask the progression of the disease. Some patients have normal liver function all the time, but the virus in the liver is in a long-term replication state, which can even develop into liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. Some patients mistakenly think that the treatment goal has been achieved when the HBVDNA has turned negative, so they stop the medication on their own, resulting in many patients losing their efficacy after stopping the medication and even causing the disease to worsen. Therefore, the decision of whether to use antiviral therapy, when to apply it and when to stop it must be made by an experienced hepatologist.