In 1991, the authors pioneered a new technique for the treatment of malignant gliomas in China using a patented chemotherapeutic capsule (LiAnmin type I capsule) for postoperative intratumoral mesenchymal chemotherapy. Of the 379 patients treated from January 2001 to December 2009, 151 were treated with this new technique. Zhao Ming, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital Treatment principle: On the basis of surgical resection of the tumor, the capsule tube of the chemotherapy capsule is placed in the residual cavity of the tumor intraoperatively, and the injection valve of the chemotherapy capsule is buried under the scalp outside the skull. After surgery, the original chemotherapeutic solution or the highly concentrated solution diluted at a low level is transferred into the tumor bed of the residual tumor through the cystic duct via the scalp puncture injection valve. The highly concentrated chemotherapeutic agent entering the tumor bed kills the residual tumor cells in the tumor bed and the tumor cells in the surrounding 3M subclinical area during the process of penetration into the wall of the residual tumor in the tumor cavity. The chemotherapeutic agents (BCNU, VM26, ACNU, etc.) selected for intratumoral interstitial chemotherapy are lipid-soluble or low-molecular water-soluble in order to make full use of their chemotherapeutic efficacy in the tumor. Treatment schedule: the dose of chemotherapeutic agents, BCNU 25mg/time, VM26 50mg/time, ACNU 25-50mg/time. The treatment can be performed after the incision is removed after surgery. Each course of treatment was 4 times, with a dosing interval of 7 days in the blitz phase and 30-40 days in the phase maintenance phase. Toxic side effects: There were no systemic toxic side effects in this group of cases, some patients with VM26 and BCNU intratumoral interstitial chemotherapy had headache, and the rate of seizure caused by drug stimulation was 2.7%. there was no headache and seizure after ACNU injection. This technique is easy to operate, convenient for repeated drug administration, mild toxic side effects, and good therapeutic effects. After being promoted by the authors’ efforts, it is now widely used in neurosurgery in China.