Is hydrocephalus really water in the brain? Of course not. It is a condition that is caused by various cranial trauma or craniosynostosis that leads to impaired absorption and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid. Hydrocephalus is becoming more and more common in neurosurgery, and it can be very dangerous, and should be treated actively once it is present. Clinically, there are various types of hydrocephalus, which can be divided into traffic hydrocephalus and obstructive hydrocephalus according to fluid dynamics, congenital hydrocephalus and acquired hydrocephalus, acute hydrocephalus and chronic hydrocephalus, and progressive hydrocephalus and resting hydrocephalus according to other classification criteria. Does hydrocephalus always require surgery? Many people are aware that if they have hydrocephalus, they need surgery in a timely manner, but there are some patients with hydrocephalus who do not need surgery for the time being. For example, in resting hydrocephalus, the process of hydrocephalus development is in a static state. As long as regular checkups are done and the ventricular system is not dilated, there is no progressive aggravation, and there are no clinical symptoms, surgery can be done without haste, but close monitoring is still needed. Once the degree of hydrocephalus worsens during the course of observation surgery is required. Currently, hydrocephalus is more commonly treated by hydrocephalus shunt surgery, but a large number of clinical verifications have shown that conventional hydrocephalus shunt surgery has a high failure rate and is accompanied by a number of complications. Therefore, a more comprehensive and advanced treatment plan is needed to better treat hydrocephalus.