As the name implies, growth hormone has a growth-promoting effect. Growth hormone deficiency will inevitably lead to slow growth and short stature. However, there are many causes of short stature, and one of the common causes of short stature is growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a growth disorder due to partial or complete lack of growth hormone (GH) synthesis and secretion by the pituitary gland, or due to abnormal growth hormone molecular structure or receptor defects. Secondary growth hormone deficiency is mainly due to organic lesions of the hypothalamus-pituitary gland, mainly craniopharyngioma and pineal tumor. The patient’s height is below the 3rd percentile or below the mean minus two standard deviations of the growth curve of normal healthy children of the same age and sex, and the incidence is about 20/100,000 to 25/100,000. Growth hormone (GH) is a protein hormone secreted by the pituitary gland and is mainly regulated by its higher authority, the hypothalamus, which secretes growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and growth-stimulating hormone (SS), the former promoting the production (synthesis) and output (secretion) of growth hormone by the pituitary gland; the latter acting as a hindrance. In addition, the secretion of growth hormone is influenced by many other factors. Other diseases that cause short stature are often caused by direct or indirect effects on the secretion of growth hormone or by interference with the physiological effects of growth hormone. Growth hormone in the bloodstream acts on the liver to stimulate the synthesis and secretion of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which in turn exerts its growth-promoting effects. People grow in height gradually from birth until the end of puberty. The growth process is not exactly the same in every person, but it has its commonalities. Under normal circumstances, the growth after birth can be divided into 3 stages: the first stage is the first 2 years after birth, height growth is very rapid, can grow about 30cm or even more; after that, it continues until puberty to start the so-called second stage of growth, the height growth rate during this period is relatively slow, but the annual height growth can also reach 5-6cm; after entering puberty, the height surge again, the annual After puberty, the height surge occurs again, with an annual increase of about 8-14 cm until the end of puberty, when the epiphysis closes and growth is terminated, reaching the adult lifetime height, which is the third stage of growth. Depending on genetics, nutritional status and other environmental factors, individuals enter puberty at different times, and the magnitude of height growth during this stage varies. Broadly speaking, girls enter puberty at an earlier age, and the rate of height growth during this stage is smaller than that of boys. Boys grow about 28-30 cm taller throughout puberty, and girls about 25 cm taller. Patients with growth hormone deficiency that is congenital or begins at an early age will show significantly lower growth rates than children of the same age within 1-2 years after birth, and in some cases this can be observed as early as 4 months of age. Without timely detection and treatment, growth is slowed throughout childhood, but complete growth arrest does not usually occur. Over time, the gap between their height and that of children of the same age will appear to become more pronounced. At the same time, the child may be relatively childish and mildly obese, but with normal intelligence. The term “growth and development” is often used to indicate that “growth” and “development” are closely related. Growth promotes development and development affects growth. In patients with simple (idiopathic) growth hormone deficiency, puberty is also relatively delayed. It may take until the age of 20 for boys to experience testicular enlargement, thickening of the voice, and penile growth, and for girls to experience breast enlargement. Theoretically, growth hormone follows you throughout your life. Adults also secrete a certain amount of growth hormone, which has important effects on mood and substance metabolism. Therefore, it has recently been considered that patients with growth hormone deficiency should be treated with growth hormone replacement therapy for life. The dose of growth hormone required for adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) is 1/5 to 1/7 of the growth promoting dose for children, which is only about 1 U per day. It is also important to note that some children with idiopathic (primary) growth hormone deficiency grow to adulthood with a complete return to normal growth hormone production. Therefore, the patient’s growth hormone secretion should be re-evaluated when the epiphysis closes, height growth stops, and a decision is made whether to proceed with adult growth hormone replacement therapy. In general, during the process of growth hormone supplementation, it is necessary to follow up regularly at the hospital as prescribed by the doctor, monitor the growth of height and weight, review the bone age and the level of related hormones regularly, and adjust the drug dose according to the situation.