Headache generally refers to pain in the upper part of the skull, i.e., the area above the eyebrows to the middle of the occiput. Headache is a relatively common symptom in pediatrics and is a common condition in pediatric neurology clinics, and can occur in many disease processes. Most headaches are caused by nociceptive receptors in the skull that generate nerve impulses in response to a pain-causing stimulus, which are transmitted via nociceptive transmission pathways to the cerebral cortex for analysis and integration to produce nociception. Various tissues in the skull are classified as pain-sensitive or insensitive according to the number and nature of nociceptive receptors. Headache occurs only when pain-sensitive tissues are stimulated. The extracranial structures sensitive to pain are scalp, subcutaneous tissue, muscles, capsule, periosteum, as well as blood vessels, muscles and peripheral nerves, among which the extracranial arteries, muscles and peripheral nerves are the most sensitive. Intracranial structures sensitive to pain include the dura mater, blood vessels, and cranial nerves, especially the dura mater at the base of the skull, the arteries at the base of the skull, the venous sinuses, and the proximal portion of the cerebral cortical veins that drain into the venous sinuses. Most of the soft meninges, brain parenchyma, ventricles, ventricular canal and choroid plexus are painless tissues. Headaches arise due to pain-sensitive tissues such as traction, dilation or spasm of blood vessels, irritation of meninges, contraction of head and neck muscles, irritation or injury to nerves, diffuse reflexes from diseases of the five senses or lesions in the neck, etc. causing pain to the head and face. Because of the many causes of headache, it is necessary to know: the urgency of headache, whether there is a tendency of periodic attacks and whether there is progressive aggravation; the location; the time of headache (early morning, early morning, daytime, daytime) and its duration; the nature (stabbing pain, throbbing pain, dull pain, splitting pain, which children often cannot express when they are small), whether there is aggravation by activity or vibration; the degree (mild, moderate, severe); whether there are aura, prodromal symptoms, accompanying symptoms The headache is often accompanied by aura, prodromal symptoms, concomitant symptoms, visual abnormalities, vomiting, nausea, vertigo, emotional, thinking, language, motor disorders, fever, runny nose, sore throat, nasal congestion; factors that trigger, exacerbate and relieve the headache; family history of headache; effect of headache treatment; meticulous systemic and neurological examination of headache patients; necessary auxiliary examinations, such as blood pressure, routine blood, cranial plain film, paranasal sinus, septal sinus x-ray, visual acuity, fundus, cerebrospinal fluid EEG, transcranial ultrasound Doppler, brain CT, brain MRI or digital subtraction angiography. The most common of the various pediatric headaches are migraine, tension-type headache, episodic and headache due to pentacranial disorders. Headaches caused by various intracranial lesions within the scope of neurology are less common, but headache may be an important symptom that can even endanger the life of the child if not detected in time, and it is important to identify the lesion as soon as possible and take effective treatment measures in time to avoid delaying the condition.