1.How is osteoporosis caused? In the course of human life activities, bone mass increases gradually with age. Generally, at the age of 20-35, bone mass reaches its peak, and then bone mass decreases by 10%-15% every 10 years, with an average annual bone loss of 1.2%, resulting in osteoporosis. In old age and postmenopausal women, bone loss is accelerated and osteoporosis is more obvious, so osteoporosis is the inevitable result of the natural process of the organism from bloom to decline. In addition to physiological factors, osteoporosis can also be caused by endocrine disorders such as diminished osteoblast and osteoclast activity and early oophorectomy. Long-term lack of exercise, such as long-term bed rest and post-surgical patients, causes disuse osteoporosis due to the cessation of skeletal activity. Long-term use of glucocorticoids can inhibit the function of osteoblasts and reduce bone synthesis, resulting in osteoporosis. Smoking and alcohol abuse can also cause osteoporosis. 2.What are the symptoms of osteoporosis? How to diagnose it early? Osteoporosis is a common disease in the elderly. Back pain, joint pain and skeletal pain in the elderly are related to osteoporosis. 60%-70% of patients have general or localized pain, stiffness of limbs, especially in the morning or when sitting and standing up, and spontaneous pain at night. The shortening of height and hunchback in the elderly is the result of osteoporosis of the vertebrae of the spine and the downward pressure of gravity. Bone demolition is the most common complication of osteoporosis. The increased bone fragility caused by severe osteoporosis can easily cause bone demolition, and the susceptibility of the elderly to bone demolition is the cause of osteoporosis. The early diagnosis of osteoporosis mainly relies on clinical, and the possibility of osteoporosis should be thought of for middle-aged and elderly, especially postmenopausal women who have back pain, joint pain, and generalized aches and pains. They should seek medical attention in time. 3.How to treat osteoporosis? 1) Adequate calcium intake: Calcium is an important component of bones, mainly from food, such as milk, if you can’t take in sufficient amount of calcium from food, you can supplement calcium preparations, such as calcium carbonate, calcium gluconate, calcium D, etc.. 1-2 tablets per day can adequately replenish the daily calcium requirement. (2) Vitamin D: Vitamin D can promote the absorption and utilization of calcium and is essential in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Regular people need about 400 international units of vitamin D per day (equivalent to 1100 ml of milk or 30-60 minutes of sunbathing per week). (3) Supplementary sex hormones: After menopause, women’s estrogen level decreases, causing bone loss and making bones start to become brittle. The addition of estrogen can prevent osteoporosis and reduce the occurrence of bone demolition. Oral norepinephrine or Levi’s love, start 3-6 months, one piece every other day, after 3 days a piece. 4.How to prevent the occurrence of osteoporosis in daily life? In order to prevent the occurrence of osteoporosis, in addition to drugs, should pay more attention to personal lifestyle. (1) Wine and quit smoking: because alcohol has toxic effects on bones and smoking reduces peak bone density. (2) strengthen exercise more exercise: lack of exercise will reduce bone calcium and slow down bone formation. Physical exercise plays an important role in enhancing bone quality. (3) more sun exposure: outdoor sunbathing can make the 7-hydroxydehydrocholesterol in the skin into vitamin D, thus promoting calcium absorption. 4) Eat more calcium-containing foods: women over 45 and men over 50 should take 1.0-1.5 grams of calcium daily. Therefore, middle-aged and old people should eat foods containing more calcium, such as milk, shrimp, shrimp skin, eggs, green vegetables, etc. 5）Less coffee and excess protein: coffee and excess protein can increase the concentration of urinary calcium, so that calcium loss increases. (6) If you have osteoporosis, do not lift heavy objects; do not overexert your back; do not use a stool or chair to pick up things from high outside; do not bend your head below the waist to pick up things, but squat and keep your upper body straight to pick up things; walk or do things as slowly as possible to avoid falling; to prevent spinal curvature, stand with a straight body, sit with a straight body, and lie with a straight body.