Primary liver cancer (liver cancer for short) is a common and frequent disease in China, which seriously affects the health of people. The popularization of relevant health knowledge is an important measure to reduce the incidence of liver cancer and improve its efficacy. In this paper, we summarize the main points of liver cancer prevention and treatment into the following five aspects, taking into account the recent research development in recent years, in order to be simple and easy to understand and remember. A basic concept Liver cancer mainly occurs in a specific group of people, which is called the high-risk group of liver cancer in medical science, while the non-high-risk group of liver cancer has a low chance of developing liver cancer, mainly cholangiocellular liver cancer and metastatic cancer. This characteristic of liver cancer provides a great shortcut and convenience for prevention and treatment. Sun Wenbing, Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Splenic Surgery, West Hospital, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University In China, the high-risk group of liver cancer mainly includes hepatitis B and C patients, and those with combined cirrhosis, men over 40 years old, or those with family history of liver cancer are at greater risk of liver cancer and should be more alert. Patients with cirrhosis caused by non-viral hepatitis also belong to the high-risk group of liver cancer, but the risk of occurrence is much lower than that of viral hepatitis. Two central concepts Two concepts should be firmly established for people at high risk of liver cancer: active prevention and early diagnosis. The goal of active prevention is to keep liver cancer “better not come!” and early diagnosis is to nip liver cancer in its infancy. The goal of early diagnosis is to nip liver cancer in the bud, so that you will not be afraid of it. Liver cancer can be prevented. The main measures include: (1) reducing the incidence of viral hepatitis and alcoholic hepatitis and narrowing the group of people at high risk of liver cancer; (2) actively treating viral hepatitis and other underlying liver diseases to prevent or alleviate the progress of liver fibrosis to the greatest extent; (3) staying away from environmental factors such as water pollution and spoiled food; (4) maintaining a healthy psychological state. Early diagnosis is the key to improve the efficacy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clinical practice shows that there is a “world of difference” between the efficacy of small liver cancer (less than 3 cm in diameter) and middle and advanced liver cancer. Intermediate and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma is usually accompanied by metastases inside and outside the liver, which cannot be removed by surgery, “liver replacement” has become a contraindication, interventional embolization is “beyond the capacity”, and drug treatment is hardly effective. Even in cases where surgery is possible, the risk of “high death rate” and “high complication rate” has to be taken before the risk can be overcome. However, the situation of small liver cancer is another story. Unless the location is special, there is little difficulty in treatment, and if standardized and systematic treatment is available, the 5-year survival rate should be over 90%, and many patients can survive for a long time. Three screening measures The most important measure for early diagnosis is to conduct scientific and effective screening for people with high risk of liver cancer. There are three main measures: liver function, methemoglobin and liver ultrasound. The frequency of screening is every 3-6 months. When elevated fetoprotein or ultrasound suggests occupying liver lesions, further CT, MRI or arteriography should be examined and followed up until liver cancer is completely excluded. Four types of treatment measures The treatment measures of liver cancer can be divided into four major categories: 1) surgical treatment, including lobectomy and liver transplantation; 2) local treatment, including radiofrequency ablation and anhydrous alcohol injection; 3) interventional embolization treatment; 4) pharmacological treatment, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, TCM flower therapy and gene therapy, etc. 1.Surgical treatment: To some extent, surgical treatment is a more thorough treatment, but it is more traumatic and expensive, and is not an ideal choice for patients with heavy cirrhotic background and limited economic conditions. Liver transplantation is limited by the donor liver, and the cost is huge, and lifelong treatment is required, which can only benefit very few patients. 2.Local treatment: Radiofrequency ablation therapy is the masterpiece of local treatment for liver cancer, and it is one of the three curative means of liver cancer, which is on par with liver resection and liver transplantation. Radiofrequency treatment is increasingly becoming the first choice for small liver cancer because of its efficacy, small trauma, short hospitalization time and low price. 3.Interventional embolization: It has good therapeutic effect on liver cancer, but its efficacy is restricted by the arterial blood supply of tumor, so it is often difficult to kill liver cancer cells completely and has no obvious therapeutic effect on potential lesions in the liver tissue around the cancer foci, so it cannot be the only way to treat liver cancer. Since the arterial blood supply of small liver cancer is often not abundant, its application value for small liver cancer is less than that for large liver cancer. 4. Drug therapy: it is often used as adjuvant treatment surgery and has limited efficacy when applied alone. Five-year survival goal Liver cancer used to be the “king of cancers”, and surviving for five years used to be a luxury dream for liver cancer patients! Nowadays, this dream is not difficult to achieve. As long as people with high risk of liver cancer have a clear self-positioning and can be screened regularly, early diagnosis of liver cancer will no longer be difficult, and the “era of minimally invasive treatment for small liver cancer” is just around the corner. The goal of “living five years easily” will not be difficult to achieve, and long-term survivors will not be rare. Bearing in mind “one, two, three, four, five”, liver cancer will no longer be a roadblock in the life journey of liver disease patients!