Thyroid nodules are common endocrine system disorders, mainly due to abnormal growth of thyroid tissue caused by self or external stimuli, resulting in lump-like lesions. Iodine is an important raw material for the formation of thyroid hormones, and too much or too little iodine can trigger abnormal changes in the thyroid gland. When iodine intake is too high, it tends to inhibit the activity of thyroid peroxidase, leading to a decrease in the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which, when stimulated for a long time, can easily lead to hypothyroidism and stimulate abnormal hyperplasia of thyroid follicular tissue, leading to the formation of thyroid nodules. When the intake of iodine is low, the lack of iodine in the body will also stimulate the thyroid gland, causing it to secrete more thyroxine, which leads to abnormal follicular hyperplasia, resulting in the appearance of thyroid nodules. In addition to abnormal iodine intake, patients with diabetes mellitus may also have abnormal insulin secretion, which may stimulate the thyroid gland to proliferate and lead to nodules, and long-term smoking, alcohol abuse, and obesity may also lead to thyroid nodules. In short, daily attention should be paid to the protection of the thyroid gland, in addition to diet, regular rest and rest, but also regular medical check-ups, for some relatively small nodular lesions, timely attention to pay attention to the review, early health care prevention work.