The prostate is a unique gonadal organ for men, and is a very rare gland in the body that has both endocrine and exocrine functions. The prostate gland is an exocrine gland that secretes about 2 ml of prostatic fluid every day, which constitutes the main component of semen; as an endocrine gland, the hormone secreted by the prostate gland is called “prostaglandin” and has an important physiological regulation mechanism. The prostate gland is the size and shape of a chestnut, with the urethra passing through the middle, choking the upper urethra, so to speak, the prostate gland is sick, the first to be affected is the urinary function. As we all know, the prostate gland can become inflamed, hyperplastic and enlarged, and cause a range of symptoms related to urination. These are all benign lesions that are easily treated. So can cancer occur in the prostate? How can we know if we have prostate cancer and how to diagnose and treat it if we have it? The following is a brief introduction to these questions about prostate cancer. Not only does the prostate gland produce cancer, but prostate cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the male reproductive system. The incidence of prostate cancer increases with age and is very high in Europe and America, second only to lung cancer as the second leading cause of cancer death in men. The latest reports show that there were 220,000 new cases of prostate cancer in the United States alone in 2010. The incidence rate in China used to be low, but due to the aging population and the continuous improvement in the diagnosis of prostate cancer, its incidence is increasing and is receiving more and more attention from health authorities as well as urologists. The causes associated with prostate cancer have not yet been identified and may be related to genetics, environment, and sex hormones. The incidence rate varies among different ethnic groups, being highest in blacks and lower in yellows. Dietary habits and sexual activity have also been reported to be associated with the development of prostate cancer. Since prostate cancer mostly occurs in the peripheral zone of the prostate gland, there are no symptoms in the early stage, and even if there is some discomfort in urination, it is often mistaken for prostate enlargement, which is not enough to attract the attention of patients. Therefore, it is difficult to get an early diagnosis. Once there are obvious clinical symptoms, the disease is often at an advanced stage and the prognosis is poor. Therefore, early detection of prostate cancer is very important. For men over 50 years old, it is recommended to have annual rectal examination and blood test for prostate specific antigen (PSA). If necessary, biopsies can be taken via perineal or rectal puncture to obtain a definitive diagnosis. It should be stated that prostate puncture does not cause prostate cancer to metastasize or spread, and the pain of puncture is minimal and can be done on an outpatient basis, so there is absolutely no need for fear. It is worth reminding that although the incidence of prostate cancer is not high, the symptoms are often similar to prostate enlargement. If the condition does not improve satisfactorily after treatment, you should think about the possibility of prostate cancer and have the above-mentioned tests done for early diagnosis and treatment. If you have prostate cancer, don’t be too nervous, as long as you get the right treatment, the prognosis is good, because compared to other cancers, prostate cancer is relatively “gentle”. Most of the patients have good differentiation and most of them have stable disease and slow progress. For early and mid-stage prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy can be chosen if the patient is of good age and physical condition, with a cancer-free survival rate of 50%-70% in 15 years after radical surgery. Patients with advanced stage or inoperable can choose comprehensive treatment methods such as endocrine therapy, brachytherapy (radioactive particle implantation), external radiation therapy and chemotherapy, which can prolong having tumor survival time and reduce pain. Since the occurrence and development of prostate cancer is an extremely complex process involving many aspects such as intrinsic genetics, external environment and the interaction of internal and external factors, the exact causes, processes and mechanisms of its occurrence are still far from clear, so there are no practical and effective preventive measures yet. Reducing testosterone may reduce the occurrence of prostate cancer, but it can cause impotence and other side effects that are not practical. Controlling the amount of protein, fat and cholesterol in the diet and increasing legumes and vegetables, especially tomatoes, may reduce the risk of prostate cancer, but this must be implemented early and adhered to as a long-term dietary habit, not an overnight, short-term problem. Therefore there is no really reliable and simple and feasible prevention for prostate cancer.