1. Congenital testicular sperm production disorder.
The testes are the “factory” for sperm production. If this “factory” malfunctions, the quantity and quality of sperm will be affected. For example, congenital gonadal insufficiency, cryptorchidism, small testicles, no testicles, etc.
2.Secondary testicular sperm production disorders.
Testicular tuberculosis, orchitis, testicular atrophy (caused by viral mumps), testicular tumors and varicose veins of the spermatic cord, etc.
3 Chromosomal abnormalities.
The common ones are male pseudohermaphroditism, Klinefelter syndrome, XYY syndrome, 46XY/47XXY and Y chromosome AZF region deletion and other chromosomal abnormalities causing testicular spermatogenesis disorders.
4, reproductive tract infections.
Such as severe prostatitis, epididymitis, orchitis, urethritis and various viral infections of the reproductive tract can affect male fertility.
5, endocrine diseases.
Hypothalamic dysfunction, such as Kallmann syndrome, mainly gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency; pituitary dysfunction, such as selective luteinizing hormone (LH) deficiency and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) deficiency, hyperprolactinemia, etc. Adrenocortical hyperplasia can inhibit the secretion of FSH and LH by the pituitary gland, leading to infertility.
6. Abnormalities of the vas deferens.
Congenital vas deficiency and ejaculatory duct deficiency or congenital and acquired obstruction can affect sperm transport and lead to infertility.
7. Sperm structural abnormalities and seminal plasma abnormalities.
It can affect sperm motility, energy acquisition and acrosome reaction, etc. Patients with ciliated hysteresis syndrome exhibit chronic respiratory disease in childhood, and in adulthood their sperm tail cilia are abnormal and their sperm swimming forward is weak.
8. Immunological infertility.
Anti-sperm antibodies produced by the male himself and anti-sperm antibodies produced by the female can affect sperm vitality and penetration of the egg.
9, male sexual dysfunction.
Erectile dysfunction, severe premature ejaculation, non-ejaculation and retrograde ejaculation can all cause male infertility.
10, environmental physical and chemical factors.
Smoking, alcoholism, mental tension, frequent hot baths, improper intercourse, frequent long distance and overwork can also cause sperm underdevelopment or low vitality. Deficiency of certain vitamins and trace elements can cause malnutrition of sperm development. Long-term use of certain drugs and the widespread use of chemical reagents, food additives, pesticides, and radiation in the environment in recent years have adverse effects on reproductive function, often leading to temporary or permanent damage to sperm production, resulting in infertility.