Cerebral leukomalacia is a group of diseases characterized by damage to the white matter fibers of the central nervous system. The cerebral white matter is located inside the brain where nerve fibers gather. There are many causes of cerebral leukodystrophy. The main causes of cerebral leukodystrophy include genetics, trauma, infection, hypoxia, poisoning, vascular disease, cerebral white matter dystrophy, and many other conditions. During the onset of the disease, patients with milder symptoms may experience a blurred state of consciousness, which may be accompanied by memory loss, inattention, or emotional dysfunction. Severe patients may experience severe sequelae such as loss of consciousness, dementia, coma or xerostomia. Clinically, a common manifestation of cerebral leukoaraiosis is altered mental status. In the absence of aphasia, patients may have deficits in at least one of the areas of memory, attention, visuospatial skills, affective state and executive function. Once a patient develops symptoms related to cerebral leukoaraiosis, he or she should go to the hospital as soon as possible to receive a detailed examination to clarify the condition through detailed physical examination, CT and MRI. Currently, cerebral leukoaraiosis is treated according to the cause of the disease, such as patients with CNS desmoplasia, who use a lot of glucocorticosteroids, and patients with cerebral thrombosis, who need to be treated with anticoagulants such as heparin and aspirin, and some patients can control the disease progression with active treatment.