Scleroderma, also known as systemic sclerosis, the cause of which has not yet been fully clarified, may be related to genetic susceptibility, infection, the environment and other factors. The pathogenesis of scleroderma is generally considered to be in the background of genetic factors, in the environment, infection and other factors, the body’s autoimmune abnormalities, causing inflammatory response, fibroblasts synthesize collagen fibers abnormally. The pathogenesis of scleroderma is a cascade of chronic and progressive tissue damage in genetically susceptible individuals triggered by environmental factors that induce early vascular injury, immune cell activation, generation of an autoimmune response, and subsequent fibroblast activation and matrix accumulation. Over time, vascular insufficiency and extensive fibrosis of vital organs cause organismal damage leading to morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic sclerosis. Patients with scleroderma are advised to seek timely rheumatology consultation, treatment under the direction of a physician, and regular follow-up to maximize control of the disease as much as possible.