Cervical cancer is the second most common malignant tumor after breast cancer in the world. The incidence of cervical cancer is increasing year by year and is getting younger. Every year, about 200,000 women worldwide lose their lives due to cervical cancer. Even if cervical cancer is detected early to mid-term and treated with comprehensive treatment such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, more than half of the patients recur within one year, causing serious impact on the whole family or society. However, cervical cancer is the only malignant tumor that can have a clear cause and can be detected and prevented at an early stage; therefore, cervical cancer prevention is far more important than its treatment. What is HPV? HPV, or human papillomavirus, is a virus that infects mainly human skin or mucous membrane epithelial cells and causes lesions at the infected site. There are approximately more than 120 HPV subtypes in nature, at least 40 of which primarily infect the mucous membranes of the human genital tract, and at least 15 of which have been identified to be associated with cervical cancer. We call such subtypes that cause cervical cancer after persistent infection of the cervix high-risk types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68. Those that cause only benign genital warts (condyloma acuminatum) are called low-risk types, and there are subtypes 6, 11, 42, 43, 44, etc. More than 70% of cervical cancer cases worldwide are caused by subtypes 16 and 18 (higher in Asian populations), and we call these two types the high-risk types (king of viruses); HPV can be found in almost all pathological specimens of cervical squamous cancer, so it is said that HPV is the main culprit of cervical cancer disease. Dr. Haraid zur Hausen, the German scientist who proposed and confirmed this argument, was awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in Biomedicine for this. More than 90% of genital and perianal warts are caused by subtype 6, with the remaining small percentage caused by subtype 11. HPV infection clinical classification: cervical infection with HPV, we are divided into three types according to its clinical manifestations: 1, clinical infection type: refers to the cervical part of the obvious cauliflower-shaped or chicken-court-shaped warts lesions, can be judged by the naked eye, easy to identify. The majority of HPV infections cannot be confirmed by the naked eye. If the human body has strong resistance at this time, the virus can be completely cleared. Otherwise, as the body grows older, the natural clearing ability will be weakened and the infection will persist, and if it is a high-risk subtype, it may progress to CIN (cervical epithelial sarcoma) and finally develop into cervical cancer. How to prevent: The most effective preventive measure is to get the HPV vaccine before having sex, in 3 injections within 6 months. There are two options, i.e. bivalent for high-risk subtypes 16 and 18 / quadrivalent vaccine for 6, 11, 16 and 18. It is not yet available in China, but is available in Hong Kong, China. Women who have sexual intercourse for more than three years should not miss annual cervical cancer screening, either by performing HPV viral load (number/concentration) or directly doing cervical fluid-based cell examination, both of which can play a role in early detection, early treatment and blocking the occurrence of cervical invasive cancer (advanced cancer). Treatment of HPV infection: After infection with HPV virus, when the cervical cells have not yet appeared abnormal, the virus can be expelled from the cervix by effective triple therapy. According to the law of HPV replication, a course of treatment lasts about 3 months and the medication is stopped during menstruation, and the vast majority of patients can be cured in 1 to 2 courses of treatment. If the cervical cells have developed into sarcomatous changes after infection, cervical conization can be used. If it is early stage of cervical cancer (stage I), fertility preserving hysterectomy can also be performed. In the rest of cases, only surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment can be strictly required for cervical cancer.