Cervical cancer is the second most common gynecologic malignancy among women after breast cancer and is one of the major killers that threaten women’s lives. Cervical cancer is caused by long-term, persistent infection of the cervix by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Therefore, it is theoretically a preventable tumor. Cervical cancer has a long precancerous process and early diagnosis and treatment is highly effective. Therefore, it is also a tumor that has a chance to be curable. The key lies in the HPV vaccination for suitable Jiankang women and the proper diagnosis and management of cervical precancerous lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN). The use of HPV vaccine is a primary prevention and treatment measure for cervical cancer. It can save most women from developing cervical precancer and cervical cancer. However, it can be expected that the virus will evolve escape countermeasures over time and therefore can never replace the secondary prevention and treatment measures described later. The population for which HPV is currently considered appropriate is that of sexually inactive women between the ages of 9 and 26. Once sexual intercourse has occurred, immune efficacy decreases. Immunization efficacy is currently considered to be at least 5 years. Screening and management of precancerous cervical lesions is a secondary control measure for cervical cancer. Cervical cytology (liquid-based cytology, or TCT, is now widely used) is recommended at least every 2 years for women over 21 years of age or for women who have been sexually active for more than 3 years. Depending on the situation, colposcopy or conical hysterectomy may be required if necessary. It can be said that if cancer prevention examinations are done regularly in this way, it is difficult for cervical cancer to develop into advanced stages. Surgical excision and radiation therapy plus chemotherapy (radiotherapy) for diagnosed cervical cancer are the tertiary prevention and treatment measures for cervical cancer. The current treatment for early-stage cervical is effective, while the results for patients with advanced or recurrent disease remain unsatisfactory. Optimistically, with the widespread use of HPV vaccine and standardization of cervical precancerous lesion screening and management, advanced cervical cancer will become less and less common.