Lymph nodes are scattered throughout the body in the pathways of lymphatic return, such as the neck, axilla, groin, N, elbow, mesentery and pulmonary hilum. Lymph nodes are connected to lymphatic vessels, which are important filters of lymphatic return and important sites for the body to produce immune responses. Lymph nodes can filter lymphatic fluid and participate in immune response. When the body is attacked by harmful substances, lymph nodes will increase in size to fight against foreign invasion. Lymph node enlargement in the neck of children is mostly caused by inflammation, and the clinical manifestations are mainly lumps of different sizes around the neck, but the diagnosis and treatment are not the same. 1. Acute lymphadenitis can be accompanied by local redness and significant pressure pain: If not seen in time, the inflammation spreads and the redness spreads around and local lumps appear, which can also be accompanied by fever, chills, loss of appetite and poor spirit. The site of acute lymphadenitis is closely related to the anatomical location of the lesion and the scope of drainage: tonsillitis and dental caries can lead to submandibular lymphadenitis, and the inflammation spreads to the deep neck, causing infection near the pharynx or mediastinum, resulting in postpharyngeal and mediastinal abscesses or sepsis, spreading to the whole body via blood; scalp infections such as eczema and boils can cause occipital, preauricular, and postauricular lymphadenitis; incisor and sublingual infections cause subchin lymphadenitis. Once the above symptoms are detected, you should seek medical attention and give treatment for the primary cause. For those who have local symptoms of lymphadenitis, early topical topical medications are most effective and can be applied externally with excellent results, such as Ruyi Jinhuang San and Mannitol. If not treated in time, there may be local fusion of multiple lymph nodes, purulence, deep abscess formation, which requires incision and drainage, intermittent surgical debridement and drug exchange, which is more painful for the baby and may leave scars. 2, chronic lymphadenitis: many babies only have symptoms of swollen lymph nodes without redness and swelling, or had symptoms of acute lymphadenitis, after treatment for a period of time, the symptoms disappear, but there are still long-term lymph nodes swollen, but the length of the diameter is generally not more than 2cm, tough, good mobility, and no adhesion with the surrounding tissue, this is the reactive proliferation of lymph nodes, may not subside for a long time, but there is no danger to human health. Therefore, this kind of enlarged lymph nodes need not be taken care of, unless there are changes such as enlargement within a short period of time, then timely consultation is needed to exclude the third disease mentioned in this article. Malignant lymphoma: With the development of society, the spectrum of childhood diseases in China has changed and the number of malignant tumors in children has gradually increased, and lymphoma is a kind of “cancer” with a high degree of malignancy. If there is abnormal enlargement of lymph nodes all over the body, especially if there is no obvious reason for lymph node enlargement, or if it is accompanied by emaciation, weakness and long-term low fever, or if it only shows lymph node enlargement for a long time without accompanying symptoms. Such children should undergo lymph node biopsy to exclude lymphoma, but atypical malignant lymphoma may not be diagnosed in a single biopsy in the early stage, and cases requiring repeated biopsies are often seen clinically to obtain a diagnosis. In addition, personal opinion is not in favor of performing only fine needle aspiration biopsy, because the number of tumor cells is limited in early lesions and the scope is restricted, so fine needle aspiration may just avoid tumor cells, resulting in a missed diagnosis, so a positive fine needle aspiration can be diagnosed, but a negative one cannot exclude the diagnosis, and personal preference is to remove the lymph nodes directly for biopsy to increase the accuracy of diagnosis.