Every year, when the entrance exams are approaching, there are individual students who have sudden onset of chest pain on one side, followed by wheezing and difficulty in breathing, and are diagnosed as spontaneous pneumothorax at the hospital. So what is spontaneous pneumothorax? How to treat it? Spontaneous pneumothorax is a relatively common benign disease, especially in thin and tall young men, and its pathogenesis is due to the sudden rupture of the alveoli formed on the surface of the lung, and the air in the lung enters the chest cavity through the rupture of the alveoli during normal breathing. The gas entering the chest cavity occupies the space where the lungs normally breathe, thus making the patient feel “out of breath”. Many people have a history of strenuous exercise or a cold before the onset of the disease. Generally speaking, there is no effective preventive measure for this disease. Patients who have been diagnosed with pulmonary alveoli should be careful to avoid strenuous physical activities to avoid pneumothorax caused by rupture of the alveoli. The most common clinical symptoms of spontaneous pneumothorax are sudden onset of chest pain on one side, wheezing, dyspnea, or mild cough. After the onset of the disease, as the amount of air leakage from the chest cavity increases, the clinical symptoms may become more severe and may be life-threatening in severe cases. Therefore, if a spontaneous pneumothorax is suspected or diagnosed, you should go to the hospital immediately. Patients with first occurrence of pneumothorax and minimal amount of chest air leakage may not need to receive any special treatment, and a small amount of air leakage may be absorbed on its own, and eventually the rupture of the alveoli will heal; patients with severe symptoms and high amount of chest air leakage should immediately receive thoracentesis or closed chest drainage to drain the air accumulation in the chest cavity and relieve the clinical symptoms. However, in patients treated by this method, the pneumothorax may recur again because the rupture of the pulmonary alveoli is healed but still exists; those who have repeated attacks of pneumothorax or have a large amount of continuous air leakage even after placing closed drainage tubes for drainage should receive surgical removal of the pulmonary alveoli to completely remove the lesion. So, what is the best treatment for spontaneous pneumothorax? Minimally invasive surgery —- thoracoscopic surgery solves this problem. The surgeon only needs to place three small holes of about 1-1.5cm in the patient’s chest wall, and through the operation of monitoring TV screen and special endoscopic instruments, he can complete the removal of large pulmonary alveoli and do a comprehensive treatment of the pleural cavity to completely prevent the possibility of pneumothorax recurrence. The surgery is much less traumatic than the previous open-chest surgery (requiring a large 25-30 cm wound), and the patient can fully recover and be discharged from the hospital a few days after the surgery. At present, minimally invasive thoracoscopic surgery for spontaneous pneumothorax-alveolar lung is the best treatment method recognized domestically and abroad.