In young people, spontaneous pneumothorax occurs more often in lean, tall men and less often in women. The vast majority of spontaneous pneumothorax is caused by pulmonary alveoli, while a few are caused by pneumonia, tuberculosis, bronchitis, and similar diseases. The recurrence rate of pneumothorax is still very high, if an obvious pulmonary alveolus is detected by radiography. And there is a history of pneumothorax, then surgical treatment is needed. If large pulmonary alveoli are not found in the first pneumothorax, it can be treated conservatively. If it still recurs, it is also necessary to treat it surgically, because there are some smaller pulmonary alveoli that are not always detected by radiographs. However, there are also obvious alveoli that are detected but have never had a pneumothorax and may never have a pneumothorax in their lifetime. These types of large pulmonary alveoli have no obvious symptoms and do not need to be treated. Therefore, for young people with recurrent pneumothorax, it is not the pneumothorax but the pulmonary alveoli that are treated. Pneumothorax is secondary to large pulmonary alveoli. Generally speaking, the more recurrent the pneumothorax is, the more likely it is to recur. After the first attack of pneumothorax, the chance of recurrence is 25%-50%, after the second attack of pneumothorax, the chance of recurrence is more than 50%, and after three times, the recurrence rate is basically higher than 80%. Therefore, for recurrent pneumothorax, it is still necessary to surgically remove the alveoli. In fact, there is a preliminary method to determine whether there are alveoli or not, which is to see what you are doing when you have a pneumothorax attack. If you have a pneumothorax attack in a normal state of life, such as walking, sleeping, sitting still, etc., then the chance of having an alveolus is very high.