Introduction to TIPS: TIPS is a minimally invasive procedure to reduce or control bleeding from esophagogastric fundic varices by puncturing between the intrahepatic hepatic vein and portal vein via the jugular vein route and establishing a portal shunt to reduce portal pressure. Symptoms caused by liver diseases such as acute or subacute uncontrolled esophageal venous bleeding, ascites and pleural effusion that are difficult to control by medication can be improved. Precautions after TIPS: 1. In general, TIPS is performed under local anesthesia, and all vital signs are routinely monitored for 6-12h after surgery. 2. The jugular vein puncture site is compressively bandaged after surgery, and the patient keeps his head relatively fixed for 2-4h, with attention to the presence of local blood leakage. 3.If transfemoral artery and percutaneous transhepatic puncture are performed during the operation, the same attention should be paid to observe whether there is bleeding at the puncture site. 4. Pay attention to the presence of abdominal pain, abdominal distension, dizziness, nausea, pallor, and changes in urine volume to prevent postoperative abdominal bleeding. 5, pay attention to observe the stool situation, including the color (mainly to understand whether there is black stool), the nature, whether there is constipation, etc. 6, pay attention to the observation of the change of ascites, 1 week after the operation requires daily measurement of abdominal circumference, observe the volume of urine, whether there is a sudden change of more or less. 7, diet control: this is the most important point. Because patients will be in a relatively high blood ammonia state after TIPS, if they cannot adapt, they may develop symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy. In mild cases, the main symptoms are dizziness, involuntary trembling of hands and weakness in holding objects. In severe cases, disorientation and reduced counting ability may occur, and in more severe cases, abnormal behavior and deep coma may occur. Therefore, the oral protein intake should be strictly controlled after surgery, which should be 1g/kg,d. Specifically, it means that only the equivalent of one egg of protein should be eaten per day for 3-7 days after surgery, and if there is no obvious abnormality, the protein intake can be gradually increased, preferably in a stepwise manner, i.e., first increase to 2 eggs per day, and then increase after 3 days without abnormality, and then observe for 3-7 days, and then increase the protein intake, and so on, so that the body can gradually adapt to the relatively high blood ammonia state after surgery. If the body can tolerate it (mainly diarrhea), it is recommended that 1 packet (15ml)/day, if it cannot tolerate the diarrhea caused by it, it can be reduced to 1 packet every 2 days, and then reduced to 1-2 packets/week if it is not possible. In short, it is best to avoid constipation after surgery. 9, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months after the operation to review ultrasound and hematology related tests. If everything is normal, then review every 6 months thereafter. If there is any discomfort, please contact the surgeon immediately.