Pneumothorax refers to the pathophysiological condition caused by the rupture of the dirty pleura without trauma or human factors, resulting in gas entering the pleural cavity and causing pneumatization, which is called pneumothorax. Pneumothorax is called idiopathic pneumothorax if it is formed by rupture of subpleural emphysema bubbles without obvious lung lesions; secondary pneumothorax is called secondary pneumothorax if it is secondary to pleural and lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary tuberculosis. Secondary pneumothorax is mostly seen in obstructive lung diseases caused by chronic bronchitis, pneumoconiosis, bronchial asthma, interstitial lung fibrosis, cellular lung and bronchopulmonary carcinoma partially obstructing the airway, producing herpetic emphysema and pulmonary blisters, as well as septic pneumonia near the pleura, lung abscess, tuberculous cavity, pulmonary mycosis, congenital pulmonary cysts, etc. They are usually divided into three major categories according to pathophysiological changes: spontaneous pneumothorax, traumatic pneumothorax, and artificial pneumothorax. Or it is divided into three categories: closed (simple), open (traffic) and tension (high pressure). Spontaneous pneumothorax is caused by rupture of lung tissue and dirty pleura due to lung disease, or by rupture of microscopic herpes and pulmonary blisters near the surface of the lung and entry of air from the lung and bronchus into the pleural cavity. Traumatic pneumothorax is commonly caused by various kinds of chest trauma, including sharp-edged stab wounds and gunshot penetration wounds, lung injury from misaligned fractured ends of ribs, and lung injury during diagnostic and therapeutic medical operations, such as acupuncture puncturing lung tissue, lung biopsy and artificial pneumothorax.