Multiple causes of excessive retention of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles or subarachnoid space, resulting in enlarged ventricles and reduced pressure on parenchymal brain tissue, are called hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus is classified as traffic hydrocephalus, obstructive hydrocephalus, high-pressure hydrocephalus, normal pressure hydrocephalus, and extracerebral hydrocephalus. Common symptoms of hydrocephalus include headache, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, urinary incontinence, unstable walking, and mental retardation. Surgery is currently the most effective treatment for hydrocephalus, divided into neuroendoscopic triple ventriculostomy and cerebrospinal fluid shunt. In China, neuroendoscopy was first applied to treat hydrocephalus, and there is in-depth research on neuroendoscopic triple ventriculostomy and adjustable pressure ventriculoperitoneal shunt for hydrocephalus. Ventriculoscopic triple ventriculostomy with little injury, short postoperative recovery time and no risk of obstruction and infection is the preferred method for treating hydrocephalus.