Varicocele is an abnormal dilatation, elongation and tortuosity of the trapezius plexus in the spermatic cord. Varicocele is the number one cause of male infertility according to WHO (World Health Organization). According to the literature, the incidence of VC is 35% in primary infertility and 50% to 80% in secondary infertility. Current studies on male infertility due to varicocele suggest that varicocele is associated with abnormal semen, decreased testicular volume, decreased testicular perfusion and testicular spermatogenic dysfunction. Studies have shown that varicocele is a progressive lesion that causes testicular growth disorders and gradual decline in testicular function leading to infertility. However, not all patients with varicocele are necessarily infertile. Simply put, some patients have abnormal testicular spermatogenesis or sperm transport due to more severe varicocele, which ultimately results in low fertility. This is reflected in a decrease in sperm count, a decrease in sperm motility, and abnormal changes in sperm morphology. Varicocele can be clinically classified into four types: subclinical, clinical grade I, clinical grade II and clinical grade III. According to its etiology, it can be divided into primary and secondary. Most of the patients with primary varicocele are asymptomatic, but they are often found during physical examination or infertility checkups. About 2-10% of the patients have local pain and discomfort, which mainly manifests as persistent or intermittent pulling, swelling, vague pain and dull pain in the scrotum, which is obvious when standing and walking, but relieved after lying down and resting. Whether varicocele needs to be treated depends on three aspects: 1. whether there are obvious clinical symptoms that affect normal work and life, or have a greater impact on the patient’s psychology; 2. whether it affects testicular function and sperm function to the extent that abnormal changes in sperm quality occur, further leading to fertility disorders or potential fertility disorders; 3. whether there is an obvious decrease in testosterone levels The corresponding consequences. Treatment includes conservative medical treatment and surgical treatment. Internal treatment is based on medication, including drugs to improve vascular function, drugs to improve symptoms, drugs to improve sperm quality, and other physical therapy methods, and Chinese medicine has its own outstanding value for varicocele. Surgical treatment includes interventional techniques as well as vein ligation. Indications for varicocele surgery: 1. Adult clinical patients (1) have all three of the following conditions: infertility; decreased testicular spermatogenesis; normal female fertility, or possible cure despite infertility. (2) Although there is no requirement for fertility, but the quality of semen is found to be abnormal. (3) If the symptoms associated with varicocele (such as swelling and pain in the perineum or testicles) are serious and obviously affect the quality of life, and the improvement by conservative treatment is not obvious, surgery can be considered. (4) Grade II or III varicocele with a significant decrease in blood testosterone level, excluding those caused by other diseases. (2) Adolescent varicocele surgery indications: (1) varicocele causes significant reduction of testicular volume on the affected side; (2) degree II or III varicocele; (3) testicular spermatogenic function decreases; (4) varicocele causes more serious related symptoms; (5) varicocele in childhood and adolescence should be actively searched for any primary disease.