Liver cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in China, with a high mortality rate, ranking third after stomach and esophagus in the order of death from malignant tumors; in some areas of rural areas, it takes second place after stomach cancer. Globally, more than 600,000 new cases of liver cancer are diagnosed each year, and in 2011, the number reached 749,000/year, of which China accounts for 54%, and about 110,000 people die of liver cancer in China each year, accounting for 45% of liver cancer deaths worldwide. The global incidence of liver cancer is gradually increasing. The onset of liver cancer is often insidious, and it is mostly discovered by chance during the follow-up of liver disease or physical examination and screening with AFP and B-type ultrasound. At this time, patients have no symptoms and physical examination lacks signs of tumor itself, so this stage is called subclinical stage. Once the symptoms of liver cancer appear, most of the patients who come to the clinic have already entered the middle and late stage. In the middle and late stages, the clinical treatment is usually a combination of surgery, radiotherapy and traditional Chinese medicine. The clinical manifestations of different stages of hepatocellular carcinoma have obvious differences. IV. Diagnosis Surveillance and screening for hepatocellular carcinoma For men ≥35 years old, with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and high-risk groups with alcoholism, screening is generally performed every 6 months. For AFP >400 μg/L without liver occupancy on ultrasound, care should be taken to exclude pregnancy, active liver disease, and tumors of embryonic origin in the gonads; if this can be ruled out, tests such as CT and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be performed. If AFP appears elevated but does not reach the diagnostic level, in addition to the above-mentioned conditions that may cause an increase in AFP should be ruled out, the dynamic changes in AFP should be followed closely, the interval between ultrasound examinations should be shortened to 1 to 2 months, and CT and/or MRI examinations should be performed when needed. If liver cancer is highly suspected, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) hepatic artery iodine oil angiography is recommended. For patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma or those with combined cirrhosis who are not suitable for surgery, multi-modal comprehensive treatment can be adopted. Hepatic artery embolization chemotherapy This is a non-surgical tumor treatment method developed in the 1980s, which has good efficacy on liver cancer. Most of the patients are treated by embolizing the distal blood supply of the tumor with a mixture of iodinated oil (lipiodol) or microspheres, and then embolizing the proximal hepatic artery with gelatin sponge to make it difficult to establish collateral circulation, resulting in ischemic necrosis of the tumor lesion.