Varicocele ( VAC) is a common male condition closely associated with male infertility, seen in about 15% of adult men, 35% of men with infertility and 81% of those with secondary infertility. Surgery is the only cure for the disease, of which the classic procedure is high-grade ligation. However, the postoperative improvement in sperm quality and conception rates are not satisfactory. In recent years, microscopic varicocele infertility has been widely used in Europe and the United States with better results. Microscopic spermatic vein ligation (MV) helps to reduce complications by separating and protecting the spermatic arteries and lymphatic vessels and identifying small veins for ligation with the aid of an operating microscope or magnification. Reports in the literature indicate that microscopic spermatic vein ligation (MV) has the lowest postoperative recurrence rate, testicular syringomyelia, spermatic artery injury, and other complications compared to conventional surgery, and has superior results in improving semen parameters and sperm DNA integrity. I. Significantly improve sperm motility and conception rate: Since the spermatic vein is completely ligated, the internal environment of testicular spermatogenesis is significantly improved, thus increasing the sperm motility rate; II. Significantly reduce postoperative complications: With the help of high magnification microscope, the testicular artery and lymphatic vessels can be finely and effectively protected, which can reduce the occurrence of complications such as scrotal edema, testicular sphingomyelia and testicular atrophy; III. C. Superficial location of the spermatic cord under the external ring makes it easy to operate: the surgical suture has few anatomical levels and the postoperative infection rate is extremely low; D. Small incision, low location and concealment: only a 1.5 cm incision is needed to complete the surgery; E. Significantly reduce the postoperative recurrence rate: because and can identify the tiny veins and ligate them, it is not easy to miss ligation. There are reports that the recurrence rate after microsurgical spermatic vein ligation is only 0-2%, while the recurrence rate after non-microsurgical surgery is as high as 9%-16%; VI. Simple anesthesia, low treatment cost, and fast recovery: only intravesical anesthesia is needed, with little adverse reactions, fast postoperative recovery, and short hospital stay; VII. opportunity of surgery. The varicocele is graded according to the following criteria: Ⅰ degree: the varicocele is not obvious on palpation, but can be palpated when the patient holds his breath and increases abdominal pressure; Ⅱ degree: the varicocele can be palpated when the patient does not hold his breath but has a normal appearance; Ⅲ degree: the varicocele is like a mass of earthworms and is extremely obvious on palpation and visual examination. Indications for varicocele surgery: Ⅱ to Ⅲ degree or more combined with oligospermia; Ⅰ to Ⅱ degree combined with oligospermia or oligospermia without significant improvement after 3-6 months of conservative treatment; Ⅰ to Ⅲ degree combined with scrotal swelling and pain discomfort affecting quality of life.