Varicocele is a common urological condition with a high incidence, often causing pain and discomfort in the spermatic cord, testicular spermatogenic dysfunction and male infertility. At present, varicocele is mainly treated by surgical treatment, but many commonly used surgical methods in China are transinguinal incision spermatic vein ligation, small retroperitoneal incision spermatic vein high ligation and laparoscopic spermatic vein high ligation, etc., all of which have high recurrence rate, high incidence of surgical complications and low improvement rate of semen quality after surgery. In recent years, with the application of microscopic technology in urology, more and more microscopic spermatic vein ligation has been used in clinical practice. Microscopic spermatic vein ligation can finely separate and protect the arteries and lymphatic vessels of the spermatic cord, thoroughly ligate the veins and vessels, with safe surgery, few complications, good postoperative semen improvement and symptom improvement, and short hospitalization time, which has become the first surgical method for varicocele abroad. Large-scale clinical studies abroad have shown that microscopic spermatic vein ligation is better than other surgical methods in terms of recurrence rate, surgical complication rate and semen quality improvement. A few urological male specialists in China have started to introduce this technique into clinical practice and have achieved very good results. It is believed that microscopic spermatic vein ligation will also become the first surgical procedure for the treatment of varicocele in China, serving the majority of patients in China.