Varicocele (VC) is an abnormal dilatation, tortuosity, and elongation of the trabecular plexus in the spermatic cord due to venous reflux or loss of venous valve function, which leads to blood stagnation. Due to physiological anatomical factors, it is commonly found on the left side and is a more common male genitourinary system disease, mostly seen in young adults, its incidence accounts for about 10% to 15% of the male population and is one of the main causes of male infertility, accounting for about 35% to 40% of patients with primary male infertility and up to 70% to 81% of patients with secondary infertility. Due to the absence of symptoms or mild symptoms, it is often detected during physical examination during marriage or fertility checkups. Currently, surgery is the most effective method. The common surgical methods are traditional open surgery and laparoscopic surgery, but both have the following drawbacks: (1) difficulty in identifying and preserving testicular arteries leading to testicular atrophy or impairment of spermatogenic function. (ii) Difficulty in preserving the lymphatic vessels and resulting in increased incidence of postoperative scrotal edema and testicular syringomyelia. Lymphatic vessel injury can lead to interstitial testicular edema, which further leads to spermatogenic tubular injury and testicular endocrine. (iii) Leakage of the internal spermatic vein, leading to postoperative recurrence. With the development of microsurgery in recent years, microscopic varicocelectomy (MV) has been gradually recognized by male surgeons in the treatment of varicocele and has been more widely used in hospitals with conditions to achieve definite efficacy, because the testicular arteries, lymphatic vessels and smaller diameter veins can be identified during the operation, which can be more It is recognized as the “gold standard” of varicocele treatment and has become the preferred surgical procedure because it can completely ligate the varicocele and preserve the testicular artery and lymphatic vessels, and has the advantages of less trauma and faster postoperative recovery, and is better than other surgical procedures in terms of postoperative complication rate and improvement of semen parameters and conception rate.