1.Procedure of microwave ablation therapy: ① Fine needle cytocentrifugal examination first → if benign → microwave ablation therapy + simultaneous histological aspiration biopsy. ② In case of benign tumor → microwave ablation therapy and histological aspiration biopsy at the same time. Note: If the histological aspiration biopsy pathology is malignant, further surgical treatment is required. 2.If the nodule is clearly malignant before ablation, or if the retrosternal goiter is suggested to be surgically removed; 3.If the mass is larger than 4CM, surgical removal is suggested to be preferred. 4.If the ultrasound image suggests that the nodule has 1 or 2 of the following 4 features (indistinct boundary, aspect ratio greater than 1, hypoechoic, microscopic sand-like calcification), fine needle aspiration cytology biopsy (FNAB) should be performed before ablation; if any nodule has 3 signs at the same time, surgery + intraoperative freezing is recommended; if it has 4 signs at the same time, direct surgical excision + intraoperative freezing is recommended, and the final procedure is determined by intraoperative pathology. 5.If microwave ablation is used, the first day after surgery, ultrasound review is performed and then discharge, in any case, must be reviewed by ultrasound before discharge. 6.After microwave ablation, we need to follow up. We need to check the thyroid function and thyroid ultrasound in 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after the operation. 7. Different treatment options have their advantages and relative shortcomings, and the doctor will respect the patient’s right to choose the treatment option.