The progression of the disease in patients with microcephaly is closely related to the cause and age, and the time from early to severe varies, and may appear immediately or take several years. Patients with microcephaly may experience balance dysfunction, ataxia, dysarthria, and other symptoms. It can be seen after cerebral infarction or hemorrhage, in genetic and degenerative diseases, and in poisoning. Severe symptoms may appear immediately after cerebellar infarction or hemorrhage, manifesting as severe dizziness, vomiting, unstable walking, etc. Later, the cerebellum liquefies and atrophies, but the patient can partially or fully recover cerebellar function through active rehabilitation and functional exercise. The symptoms of cerebellar lesions caused by poisoning, degeneration and senile atrophy progress slowly, and most of them last for several years. The progress of cerebellar atrophy cannot be generalized, but first of all, the cause should be identified, and at the same time, attention should be paid to functional exercises to slow down the development of the disease.