1, the first step of calcium supplementation: calcium is an important component of bones, mainly from food. If you can’t get enough calcium from food, you can supplement calcium. It is not harmful to consume slightly more calcium than needed. There are a large number of calcium supplements sold in the market, such as calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, etc. Calcium D 1 to 2 tablets per day can fully replenish the daily calcium requirement, and because it contains vitamin D, it can make calcium absorption more complete. 2, the second step to supplement vitamin D: vitamin D is essential in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Without vitamin D, the body will not be able to absorb and use calcium, ordinary people need about 400 international units of vitamin D per day (equivalent to] 100 ml of milk, – tablets of multivitamin pills or 30-60 minutes of sunbathing per week), excessive vitamin D is harmful to the human body. After entering the liver, vitamin D undergoes a series of hydroxylation enzymatic reactions to produce 1,25(OH2)D and other active metabolites involved in bone metabolism. Rohypnol, also known as calcitriol, is one of the active metabolites of vitamin D. It not only promotes intestinal calcium ion absorption, increases urinary calcium reabsorption by the distal tubule, but also activates osteoclasts to enable bone resorption and activates osteoblasts to promote bone formation. 3, the third step of estrogen supplementation: after menopause, estrogen levels decline, causing bone loss, so that bones begin to become brittle. Estrogen replacement therapy can prevent osteoporosis and reduce the incidence of fractures; reduce symptoms of menopause, such as flushing, reduced vaginal secretion, irritability, insomnia and excessive sweating; reduce blood cholesterol levels, thereby reducing the occurrence of heart disease. Estrogen replacement methods can be given orally, by injection or by subcutaneous implantation. Estrogen replacement methods can cause breast tenderness and fluid retention. Some women may menstruate again, but not become pregnant. Some people are concerned about estrogen causing cancer, and the risk of cancer can be reduced if progestins are used in conjunction with treatment. For those who already have typical osteoporosis, the use of calcitonin, diphosphonate and sodium fluoride can rapidly reduce pain and relieve the condition, but they should be used under the guidance of physicians. In patients with existing fractures, surgical treatment is intensified to prevent complications.