Osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by decreased bone mass and degradation of bone microstructure leading to increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. It is commonly seen in postmenopausal women and the elderly population. With the increase of aging population in our society, the number of patients with osteoporosis is increasing year by year. Due to the reduced biomechanical properties of the vertebral body, fractures occur in patients with osteoporosis when exposed to minor external forces. In the United States, there are 700,000 osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures each year, and in Europe, the incidence of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures reaches 1%. About 30% of patients experience severe pain, which seriously affects the quality of life, and if left untreated, 1/3 of patients turn into chronic pain, costing a lot of medical expenses. Traditional treatment is slow and ineffective, and is prone to complications such as pneumonia, decubitus ulcers, and venous thrombosis. Surgical procedures are highly invasive and difficult to fix internally, which also limits their application. Therefore, percutaneous selective vertebroplasty is a new treatment because it is less invasive, faster and has fewer complications. Under C-arm fluoroscopy, the angle of the puncture needle is adjusted according to the different angles of the vertebral arch and the vertebral body, and the needle is inserted to the anterior 1/3 of the vertebral body, and the bone cement is configured and injected into the diseased vertebral body with a syringe under fluoroscopic guidance. Bone cement produces high temperature when polymerized, which destroys nociceptive nerve endings; bone cement can improve the biomechanical properties of the spine, strengthen the support force, and reduce the stimulation of nerve endings; bone cement can block the blood supply of local tissues, which causes necrosis of nerve endings and achieves pain relief; bone cement has a neurocytotoxic effect, which causes nerve necrosis and achieves pain relief. Percutaneous selective vertebroplasty can significantly relieve pain, and has the characteristics of immediate relief and long-lasting maintenance for severe pain caused by osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.