Cirrhosis is a common chronic, progressive, diffuse liver disease. Under the prolonged or repeated action of one or more pathogenic factors in the liver, hepatocytes become necrotic and regenerative, fibrous connective tissue proliferates, the normal hepatic lobular structure is destroyed, pseudofollicles are formed, and the texture of the liver becomes hard. This physiopathological change is clinically known as cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is more common in men and middle-aged people. Clinically, it is a chronic process, manifested by different degrees of liver function impairment and portal hypertension symptoms. Serious complications often occur in the late stage. In Europe and the United States, alcoholic cirrhosis is the most common cause of liver cirrhosis. In Asian and African countries, post hepatitis cirrhosis is common. In China, 70% of cirrhosis is caused by viral hepatitis. Most of them are hepatitis B. In recent years, due to the improvement of living standards, alcoholic liver disease increases rapidly. On the basis of alcoholic liver disease, concurrent hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection will aggravate the condition and make it easier to form cirrhosis. Other causes include cholestasis, long-term heart failure, vascular obstruction, poisoning, parasitic infections, metabolic disorders, and severe malnutrition. The clinical manifestations of cirrhosis are generally divided into two phases: compensated phase and decompensated phase: because of the slow onset of cirrhosis, a small number of patients may be asymptomatic for ten to several decades. Subsequently, the liver gradually shrinks and the spleen progressively enlarges. Patients in the compensated stage have mild or no symptoms, and splenomegaly may be found inadvertently or during physical examination. The symptoms of compensated patients mainly include two syndromes: hepatic decompensation and portal hypertension. 1. Symptoms of hepatic decompensation: fatigue, emaciation, poor appetite, abdominal distension, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, jaundice, bleeding gums, nosebleed, ankle edema, grayish color, liver palms, spider nevus. Male patients may have breast development, hypogonadism; female patients may have amenorrhea, irregular menstruation. 2. Symptoms of portal hypertension: enlargement of spleen, abdominal wall varices, esophageal – fundal varices, rectal varices, portal hypertensive gastropathy. When varicose veins rupture, there may be vomiting blood and blood in stool, especially the rupture and bleeding of esophageal and fundal varicose veins, which is one of the main fatal causes of liver cirrhosis.