Sometimes high mood, sometimes pessimistic and despairing, many famous literary scholars and artists in history have had similar mood disturbances, this mental disorder is bipolar disorder, also known as bipolar disorder, it is a disease caused by brain dysfunction with both manic and depressive episodes, which is seriously harmful. The clinical misdiagnosis rate of this disorder is very high and it is easily misdiagnosed as depression. The study concluded that patients diagnosed with depression, after 5-10 years of return visits, found that 30%-40% of them are bipolar disorder patients. The main reasons why these two disorders are difficult to be screened are: 1. Doctors cannot collect the information of manic episodes, that is, 70% of the episodes of bipolar disorder patients are manifested as depression, and the episodes that are really in mania or hypomania are very short. Therefore, it is difficult to confirm the diagnosis of bipolar disorder when the patient seeks medical attention during a depressive episode. 2, if in a light manic state, the patient will feel high mood, quick thinking, full of energy, and less need for sleep, even if they work overtime for a long time, they do not feel tired. Therefore, patients often think they have gotten better, and generally do not take the initiative to seek medical attention. 3, some patients have been treated in different hospitals, doctors are prone to thinking stereotypes, that is, with reference to the previous doctor to give a diagnosis of depression, subsequent doctors often ignore that the patient has had manic, light manic symptoms episodes. Patients with bipolar disorder misdiagnosed as depression will not only delay the treatment, but also may cause patients to shift from depressive to manic episodes due to the use of antidepressants. These two disorders are treated on very different principles, and whenever a shift is caused, it may accelerate the episode and lead to an exacerbation of the condition. Some may say that the light manic state is so good, why should it be treated? Studies have concluded that the light manic state is maintained for a very short period of time during the course of bipolar disorder, while the patient will spend most of the time in a depressive state. Both disorders, not only can seriously affect the patient’s family and work, but also cause all kinds of social problems, such as alcoholism, drug abuse, suicide, etc. Therefore, when receiving a depression consultation, the specialist should pay special attention to whether the patient has any manic or hypomanic symptoms or medical history, and the patient should also provide relevant information when asked by the doctor, which is crucial to correctly diagnose whether the patient is simply depressed or has bipolar disorder. Once the correct distinction is made between bipolar disorder and depression, medication and psychotherapy can be used. For most patients, better results will be received. For patients with severe cases, especially those for whom long-term medication is ineffective or with severe side effects, neuromodulation surgery can be considered. This treatment has been internationally agreed upon and the postoperative efficacy has been widely recognized. As for patients with bipolar disorder and depression, whether they can be treated with neuromodulation surgery requires a thorough examination and comprehensive judgment by clinical experts.