Risk factors for osteoporosis: 1. Inherent factors: ethnicity (yellow and white greater than black), old age, female menopause, maternal family history. 2. Non-inherent factors: low body weight, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, lack of physical activity, braking, dietary nutritional imbalance, high sodium diet, calcium or vitamin D deficiency, diseases affecting bone metabolism. Simple assessment: OSTA assessment method: (weight – age)*0.2, the gold standard for diagnosis of osteoporosis recognized by the DXA community. Basic measures: 1. balanced diet (high calcium, low salt, appropriate protein) 2. appropriate outdoor activities and sun exposure; 3. measures to prevent falls, strengthen self and environmental protection; 4. avoid smoking and alcohol abuse. Bone health basic supplements: 1, calcium: normal daily requirement 800mg, elderly and menopausal women 1000mg, Chinese average dietary structure 400mg. 2, vitamin D, drug intervention: 1, bisphosphonates, 2, calcitonin, 3, estrogen, 4, Chinese herbal medicine.