Osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass and degradation of bone microstructure, leading to increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture, most commonly in postmenopausal women and the elderly population. Due to the significant reduction in the biomechanical properties of the vertebral body, patients with osteoporosis are susceptible to compression fractures when subjected to minor external forces. For patients with vertebral compression fractures, only some will have a clear history of trauma, and only some will present with clinical symptoms. The clinical symptoms of vertebral compression fractures are mainly pain (pronounced during rising and lying down), progressive spinal collapse, and kyphosis, which seriously affect the quality of life of patients. The traditional treatment of vertebral compression fractures uses bed rest, pain medications, braces, and anti-osteoporosis drugs, but the treatment results are poor in some patients. Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive spinal surgery technique that involves the percutaneous injection of bone cement into the vertebral body via the pedicle or the external pedicle to increase the strength and stability of the vertebral body, prevent collapse, relieve pain, and even partially restore the height of the vertebral body. In 1987, French doctors Galibert and Deramond first reported that vertebroplasty was performed to treat spinal diseases, and our hospital was one of the first units in China to carry out vertebroplasty to treat vertebral compression fractures and other diseases, and hundreds of cases of percutaneous vertebroplasty are performed every year with good results. However, it is worth noting that even if vertebroplasty achieves good pain relief, patients should still undergo regular anti-osteoporosis treatment, otherwise they are prone to have vertebral compression fractures again, as follows for patient Wang XX, female, 80 years old, who underwent vertebroplasty for the first time for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, but the osteoporosis symptoms were not controlled and vertebral compression fractures occurred again as a last resort. The first vertebroplasty for osteoporotic fracture was performed, but the osteoporotic symptoms were not controlled and the vertebral compression fracture occurred again.