Primary amyloidosis is caused by abnormal proliferation of plasma cells leading to an increase in immunoglobulin light chains in the body. The abnormally increased light chains combine with SAP to form amyloid, which can be deposited in a variety of tissues and organs, thus causing damage to the function of tissues and organs, the most commonly damaged organs are kidney, liver and heart, and others include the nervous system, lung and skin. There has been no satisfactory treatment for this disease, with an average survival of 1-2 years, and less than one year for those with cardiac involvement. In recent years, the treatment of primary amyloidosis with autologous peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has achieved unprecedented efficacy abroad, with a two-year survival rate of 70% and a five-year survival rate of >50% after transplantation.