The survival period after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is closely related to the patient’s primary disease, the transplantation method and his own condition. There are two main types of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in clinical practice, including autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In case of multiple myeloma or lymphoma, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can be performed and the survival of the patient will be significantly prolonged after transplantation. However, patients with multiple myeloma usually have a very difficult survival of more than 20 years even if they have a HSCT. In contrast, some lymphoma patients who undergo autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can achieve a cure and have the same survival period as normal people. In addition, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is generally more effective, and some patients with acute leukemia can be completely cured by this method and have the same survival time as normal people. However, some patients will relapse about 3 years after transplantation due to their own reasons, and the survival period after relapse rarely exceeds half a year. Patients are advised to review regularly after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and to pay attention to the chest and extremities daily for rashes, bleeding spots, swollen lymph nodes, etc. If fever, diarrhea, rash or even breath-holding occurs, return to the hematology department immediately.