① The patient must be an indication for bone marrow transplantation/ cord blood transplantation/ hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ② The indication for transplantation should be reconfirmed before transplantation and the relevant departments should consult to exclude potential complications; ③ A suitable donor must be available for allogeneic transplantation (see my other articles); the donor agrees to donate hematopoietic stem cells. Special Note: Donating blood stem cells does not damage the donor’s body! It is well documented that the amount of blood stem cells you metabolize in 2 weeks can save a life! Reach out your hand and give a love! Wan Dingming, Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University ④ Patients and their relatives and units must understand the benefits and risks of HSCT, be adequately prepared psychologically and financially, agree and sign the informed consent form for HSCT; ⑤ Pre-operative discussion, treating physicians and related personnel should master the principles of pre-operative preparation, intra-operative and post-operative treatment and prevention of complications of HSCT. 1. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (the process of collecting sufficient amount of hematopoietic stem cells from the donor and returning them to the patient directly after pretreatment to rebuild the hematopoietic and immune functions of the recipient) (1) Intestinal disinfection 2 weeks before pretreatment, generally apply SMZco [cotrimoxazole (TMP160mg+SMZ800mg) also known as cotrimoxazole tablets] / quinolones [ Norfloxacin (haloperidol), ciprofloxacin (ciprofloxacin), levofloxacin]; Spironolactone capsules / mycophenolate tablets; small folds of alkali hydrochloride tablets (safranin, which has an inhibitory effect on dysentery bacilli, etc., and has good analgesic and antidiarrheal effects). (2) Pretreatment: done 1 week before transplantation. (1) The classic protocol is CTX/TBI; (2) In recent years, Bu/Cy and modified Bu/Cy protocols are mostly used without TBI; (3) The GIAC protocol developed and perfected by Prof. Huang Xiaojun is applied to HLA mismatched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (3) GVHD prevention: ①immunosuppressant, commonly used CsA+MMF+MTX triplet, CsA is often applied until +180 days; ②high-dose gammaglobulin; ③ATG; ④other. (4) Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is associated with high mortality and often causes infertility, which must be chosen carefully. 2.Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (the process of collecting sufficient amount of the patient’s own hematopoietic stem cells, isolating and preserving them at deep low temperature, and then returning them to the patient after pretreatment to rebuild their own hematopoietic and immune functions) (1) Intestinal disinfection (as above) (2) Pretreatment: done 1 week before transplantation. (1) Classical regimen is CTX/TBI; (2) Bu+Cy regimen; (3) MAC regimen is currently commonly used for acute myeloid leukemia in China: Marfalan (M) + Ara-C (A) + CTX (C); (4) BEAM regimen is often applied to malignant lymphoma [(BCNU (B) + Vp-16 (E) + Ara-C (A) + Marfalan (M)); (5) Others.