Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is indicated for the treatment of severe aplastic anemia, leukemia and other hematologic diseases. Its life expectancy after transplantation varies from person to person. Successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation treatment can lead to long-term survival, while some patients can relapse 3 years after transplantation, with a poorer prognosis and shorter survival period. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is suitable for the treatment of severe aplastic anemia, leukemia, myeloma, lymphoma and other hematologic diseases, and is currently the most effective treatment for the above hematologic diseases. The survival life span after HSCT is also related to the rejection reaction, and patients with heavy rejection reaction may deteriorate their condition, leading to transplant failure. After successful HSCT, patients can survive for a long time and resume normal work and life. However, some patients may have recurrence after transplantation, mostly in 3 years after transplantation. Patients with recurrence will be difficult to treat, with poorer prognosis and shorter survival period. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation needs to be performed after evaluation by a doctor, and not every patient is suitable for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.