Varicocele is a common condition in men, with an incidence of 8%-23% of the male population. Among them, 50%-80% of patients have abnormal changes in semen. The main danger of varicocele is that it can affect sperm production and sperm quality, resulting in infertility. This is due to the increased local temperature of the scrotum, the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the testicular tissues, and the increased concentration of catecholamines, cortisol, and prostaglandins in the blood, which can affect the spermatogenic function. If not treated in time, due to the rich traffic anastomosing branches between the bilateral testicular venous system, it often also affects the spermatogenic function of the contralateral testis and causes infertility. Zheng Junhong, Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University School of Medicine Although not all patients with varicocele cause infertility (incidence about 40%), postoperative outcome is poorer in older patients, therefore, surgical treatment should be taken as early as possible for more obvious varicocele in children and adolescents to reduce the incidence of testicular atrophy and infertility in adulthood.