Cervical cancer is the second most common malignant tumor in women worldwide and the only cancer with a clear etiology among all cancers at present. Data show that the time span from persistent high-risk HPV infection to the occurrence of cervical cancer can reach 5-10 years. Therefore, effective and active cervical cancer screening, early detection and timely intervention can significantly reduce the incidence of cervical cancer. Currently, the two main technologies for cervical cancer screening are cervical cytology and high-risk HPV testing. The “benefit” of cervical cancer screening lies in the sensitivity of the screening technology, which is to detect and provide timely treatment for high-grade precancerous lesions that may develop into cancer and for those who already have invasive cancer. Data show that even when cervical cancer has developed, the 5-year survival rate for early treatment can reach 100%. Global cervical cancer screening results over the past 40 years have also shown that cervical cancer screening can effectively reduce the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. In China, since the introduction of cytology screening, the mortality rate of cervical cancer has decreased by 69% in the 1990s compared to the 1970s. However, there are two sides to everything. Inappropriate and excessive screening affects the specificity of screening and can bring a series of “hazards” to people, especially HPV testing, where positive results contain a large number of transient infections (no high-grade lesions), which can lead to “patient “This can lead to unnecessary psychological stress and subsequent unnecessary invasive testing (colposcopy and tissue biopsy), which can cause harm to the patient’s body, waste limited social and medical resources, and cause a series of social problems such as family and doctor-patient relationships. Therefore, in 2013, the American Cancer Society (ACS), the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP), and the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) jointly proposed the following recommendations for cervical cancer screening: “The benefits of cervical cancer screening” and “the harms of cervical cancer screening”. In 2013, the American Cancer Society, the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCCP), and the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) proposed an optimal strategy for cervical cancer screening that maximizes the benefits of screening and minimizes the potential harms of screening, which requires more accurate screening techniques and protocols that focus on “high-grade lesions” rather than “Infections”. Hologic’s new generation Aptima HPV test targets the HPV oncogenic protein gene E6E7 mRNA, which has a higher correlation with high-grade lesions. It maintains the “benefits” of DNA and reduces the “harms” of DNA, providing a better option for accurate cervical cancer screening in China.