Some of the patients with syphilis are children who were born recently, and every time we see such children, we feel a particularly strong sense of responsibility, hoping that the child will be free from the disease and grow up healthy as soon as possible. Here, we would like to introduce some knowledge about fetal syphilis, hoping to help people understand the disease and enhance their awareness of prevention. We also call on the public to give up discrimination and treat the affected children well. Fetal syphilis is caused by the fetus being infected through the blood-borne route in the mother’s body. Fetal syphilis is divided into early and late stages. Most children born with early fetal syphilis are younger than 2 years old and often appear normal except for thinness and low birth weight; about 2/3 of cases do not show clinical symptoms until 3 to 8 weeks; they may show rhinitis, skin erythema, blistering, corner of the mouth cracking, osteochondritis, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, nephritis, pneumonia, etc. Late stage fetal syphilis is defined as children older than 2 years of age and most often occurs between 7 and 15 years of age. It is caused by scarring from early damage and changes in development due to early infection; it can manifest as rounded forehead, peyote shins, Hao Qin Sheng teeth, saddle nose, keratitis, deafness, dementia, and mental retardation. In addition, there is a kind of fetal latent syphilis, which refers to untreated, no clinical symptoms, positive syphilis seropositivity, and normal brain crest fluid. Children younger than 2 years of age are referred to as early fetal latent syphilis; children older than 2 years of age are referred to as late fetal latent syphilis. During the child’s admission to the hospital, a thorough examination is done with the aim of detecting syphilitic damage, which is crucial for the child’s treatment and recovery. The anti-syphilis treatment of choice is penicillin, and symptomatic supportive therapy is required. Some of this period requires skin care, anti-anemia, platelet raising, and liver protection in addition to about 2 weeks of penicillin. Through treatment, the syphilis spirochetes are killed, further damage from syphilis is stopped, and the corresponding symptoms are gradually relieved. Regardless of the severity of the disease, the affected child needs to be cared for, and careful care and feeding is the basis for overcoming the disease. After the end of anti-syphilis treatment, regular outpatient follow-up is needed to review the syphilis serological test. By observing the serologic response and clinical manifestations, we can make a comprehensive judgment on whether the patient has fully recovered. Children who have been treated and have good outpatient follow-up are cured, are not infectious and do not affect their lives.