Functional urinary difficulties: 1, cerebrovascular disease, cerebral atrophy, tremor palsy, Alzheimer’s disease, neurodemyelinating lesions. 2, spinal cord trauma, intervertebral disc disease, diabetes mellitus, etc. 3.Some varieties of antispasmodic and analgesic, hypotensive, desensitizing and antihistamine drugs affect the function of urination. 4, cranial or spinal cord injury, central nerve surgery or extensive pelvic surgery. Obstructive voiding difficulties: 1, bladder neck lesions: stones, tumors, blood clots, foreign body obstruction; uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, late pregnancy compression; bladder neck inflammation, stenosis, etc. 2, posterior urethral lesions: benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, acute inflammation of the prostate, bleeding, pus accumulation, fibrosis compression of the posterior urethra; inflammation, edema, stones, tumors, foreign bodies in the posterior urethra itself, etc. 3, anterior urethral lesions: narrowing of the anterior urethra, stones, tumors, foreign bodies, or congenital malformations such as urethral ectropion, penile foreskin inlay, abnormal penile erection, narrowing of the external foreskin, etc.