Recently, I have received a lot of inquiries about whether targeted therapy is needed after liver cancer surgery. Here I would like to express my opinion, theoretically based on the treatment guidelines and personal work and research results. I hope it will be helpful. First of all, what is targeted therapy? We all know that chemotherapy is a class of drugs that inhibit the process of cell growth and division. Tumor growth and division is very active and is most affected, but it also affects normal tissue cells, so there will be low white blood cells, hair loss, gastrointestinal reactions, etc., because these cells are also very active. Therefore we need a class of therapeutic drugs that are more focused or more able to identify tumors, and this is the basis for the birth of targeted therapy. Targeted therapy is a class of drugs, borrowed from military terminology, that specifically identify some markers of tumor cells to inhibit or kill tumors. These markers are absent or rare in normal tissues, so they are theoretically more effective and safer. In fact, it is also better than general chemotherapy. However, due to the cunning of tumor cells, the efficacy is not very satisfactory yet. Firstly, tumor cells are derived from normal cells, so it is difficult to find the markers that only they have but not normal cells. Secondly, tumor cells are very cunning, recognizing one or a few markers for a short period of time, but after a long time, they will find their own way to escape the effect of drugs. For this reason, targeted therapy sometimes needs to be combined with chemotherapy, and there are also side effects, even not small ones, and drug resistance can occur. In addition, these drugs are very expensive, so it is necessary to correctly understand the limitations at this stage, not to mythologize these drugs, but to choose them reasonably according to the indications. The most famous targeted therapy drug for liver cancer, precisely hepatocellular carcinoma, is Sorafenib, the trade name of which is Doxorubicin. Its biggest advantage is that it can identify three markers of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and strangle the tumor from two pathways, which is the most powerful targeted therapy drug at present. New drugs are launched to compare its efficacy as a reference. It is proven to be effective in prolonging survival time for intermediate to advanced liver cancer, especially inoperable ones. Whether targeted therapy is needed after surgery, especially after radical resection, the current conclusion is no. Because we have the results of the most rigorous international multi-hospital joint study of post-operative treatment over a period of almost 5 years, we found that sorafenib is not effective in preventing recurrence after radical treatment. Therefore, it is not recommended as a postoperative option. Of course, for the national situation, we have a part of surgery due to more severe disease, not to do the radical treatment, whether the postoperative preventive treatment is effective has yet to be studied. Therefore, for those tumors that are found early and resected completely by surgery, postoperative preventive interventional chemotherapy or regular follow-up can be done as needed to detect possible recurrence and treat it in time, which can lead to long-term survival. For those tumors that are found late, although they can be operated but cannot be cured, targeted therapy can be considered.