Benign positional vertigo is a common form of peripheral vertigo, which refers to the occurrence of vertigo and nystagmus when the patient’s head is in a certain position, mostly without tinnitus and hearing loss, and is more common in the elderly. Clinically, the causes of benign positional vertigo are divided into primary and secondary. Primary refers to lesions occurring in the inner ear, vagus and central parts, which are more common clinically; secondary refers to lesions occurring after cranial trauma, Ménière’s disease, etc. If the patient is in a specific position, such as sitting down, lying down, head down, head turning or turning over, he/she should consult the neurology department of the local hospital to improve the relevant examination and choose the appropriate treatment plan according to the condition if the diagnosis is benign positional vertigo. If it is diagnosed as benign positional vertigo, the appropriate treatment plan should be chosen according to the condition, such as: manual repositioning, medication, vestibular rehabilitation and surgery. The specific treatment plan will be made by the doctor after the interview. In conclusion, benign positional vertigo usually has no malignant consequences, and it is a disease that can heal itself. If patients have no obvious discomfort, they can take oral tranquilizers to improve vertigo symptoms, conservative treatment, and surgery if necessary.