Hepatitis C is a serious, chronic progressive disease. It causes continuous damage to the liver. Because hepatitis C is not clinically obvious, it is easily overlooked. As a result, hepatitis C is considered a silent killer. In fact, hepatitis C is far more dangerous than chronic hepatitis such as hepatitis B. If chronic hepatitis C is not treated promptly and reasonably, after 20 years, about 10%-30% may develop into cirrhosis; among patients with cirrhosis, about 3%-10% may develop into hepatocellular carcinoma. WHO reports that there are 170 million people infected with hepatitis C virus worldwide, and there are 3 to 4 million new cases each year. In Asia, 64% of the world’s population is infected with hepatitis C virus. The anti-HCV positivity rate in a recent national sample epidemiological survey was 3.2%. HCV is transmitted, like hepatitis B and AIDS, mainly through blood, body fluids and vertical transmission. In many developing countries, the main mode of transmission is blood transfusion, as some countries still use blood and blood products that have not been screened for HCV. There is a general lack of attention to hepatitis C among the general public in our country, with very low awareness of the disease related knowledge and widespread misconceptions. Therefore, it is necessary to popularize hepatitis C-related knowledge and education in China, focusing here on the issue of high-risk groups for hepatitis C. In layman’s terms, which groups need to be screened for hepatitis C? People who have received blood transfusion, especially those who have received blood transfusion or blood products before 1993, those who have used non-disposable syringes and dental instruments without strict sterilization, endoscopy, invasive operations and needling, those who have shared razors and toothbrushes with hepatitis C patients, those who have a history of unclean sex, those who have injected drugs intravenously, or those who have had tattoos, eyebrows, ear piercing and other skin and mucous membrane injuries are called hepatitis C People at high risk for hepatitis C. People at high risk for hepatitis C should be screened regularly for hepatitis C antibodies at an infectious disease specialist. In addition, people with unexplained transaminase irregularities during routine physical exams should also be checked for hepatitis C antibodies. The biggest problems facing the prevention and treatment of hepatitis C are: the chronicity of hepatitis C and its difficulty in self-diagnosis or being detected by screening; the fact that hepatitis C is not yet included in routine physical examinations; and the absence of a vaccine to prevent hepatitis C. Therefore, people at high risk for hepatitis C must be detected early for the disease and treated early. As long as antiviral treatment is taken early to clear or continuously suppress the hepatitis C virus in the body, liver damage can be improved or reduced, and the progression of the disease to cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer can be stopped. Early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment are the keys to cure hepatitis C.