Early curative treatment of infant with cranial enlargement and giant ventricular hydrocephalus Name of the child: Wang Moumou, female, age at admission: 6 months and 20 days, Dalian Zhuanghe City, Liaoning Province Complaint: The child was born on September 17, 2009, but two months after birth, i.e., in November 2009, symptoms of lethargy and frequent vomiting from breastfeeding appeared. On March 18, 2010, 5 months after the child’s birth, the child’s head began to enlarge, and the enlargement of the forehead was a distinctive feature, when he was reminded of the vaccination. One month later, on the afternoon of April 1, 2010, when the child was 6 months old, the phenomenon of drowsiness and crying after waking up occurred again, and the mild “sunset sign” of “straightening” of the eyes, i.e., the dark eyeballs of both eyes gazing downward, was found again. Although the symptoms seemed to improve after four days, i.e., on April 5, he still cried every night, so he underwent a brain CT examination at a local hospital and was found to have “severe hydrocephalus. He was then quickly referred to Beijing, and was referred by a specialist at Beijing Tiantan Hospital to see Director Li Xiaoyong (note: he was at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Tsinghua University), and was hospitalized on April 7, 2010, and began to receive cerebrospinal fluid treatment for hydrocephalus. He was admitted to the hospital on April 7, 2010, and started to receive cerebrospinal fluid treatment for hydrocephalus. On admission, he had a state of angular folding; both eyes showed signs of difficulty in upward vision or “sunset syndrome”. After admission, an MRI of the brain was performed, which demonstrated a massive hydrocephalus in the ventricles (Figure 2 and Figure 3). A post-admission MRI was performed, which confirmed the presence of ventricular massive hydrocephalus. The child recovered well after cerebrospinal fluid shunt, and the incisional sutures were removed on July 26, 2010, just before discharge. After treatment, the child had a head circumference of 47 cm, which was 3 cm smaller than before treatment, and was able to stand upright with assistance, roll over and sit up to normal child status. A review of the brain MRI was also performed, which showed that the ventricles were almost back to normal and that the “fluid” around the brainstem had disappeared. The child was discharged from the hospital on July 28, 2010. One year after discharge, the child returned to Beijing for a follow-up examination, and on July 29, 2011, the results of the physical examination were: head circumference was 48.5 cm; thinking and behavior were completely normal (Figure 10). On the same day, a repeat MRI of the brain showed good brain and cerebellar development and complete healing of hydrocephalus. The child returned to Beijing for a follow-up examination three years after discharge, and on July 18, 2013, the results of the physical examination were: head circumference was 49.5 cm; thinking and behavior were completely normal. On the same day, he had a follow-up MRI, which showed that the brain and cerebellum were developing well and that the hydrocephalus was completely cured.