Osteoporosis, also known as “poor bone”, is a pathological phenomenon of reduced bone mass, reduced bone quality, reduced bone strength and even fracture, commonly seen in postmenopausal women, that is, postmenopausal osteoporosis. When osteoporosis is serious to a certain degree, we call it osteoporosis, in fact, this is the difference between the concept of “poor” and “poor”, enough to meet the criteria of “poor” need The difference between “poor” and “poor” is that if you are poor, you need help, and if you are osteoporotic, you need treatment. Since the discovery in the middle of the last century that post-menopausal osteoporosis is related to lowered estrogen levels, people have been trying to treat it with estrogen supplementation, so estrogen replacement therapy for osteoporosis is definitely not a new proposition. However, for more than half a century, estrogen replacement therapy has been continuously improved. People’s understanding of estrogen replacement therapy has been improving, mainly in the following aspects: 1. The level of understanding of estrogen’s mechanism of action on bone metabolism has increased: Previously, scholars mostly tended to believe that estrogen acts indirectly on bone tissue through parathyroid hormone, corticosteroid and other hormones in the body. At present, the commonly used estrogen varieties and their characteristics are as follows: (1) Combined estrogen, extracted from the urine of pregnant mares, contains a variety of active ingredients and is the most commonly used oral estrogen for women in Europe and the United States; (2) Estrogen, extracted from the urine of pregnant mares, contains a variety of active ingredients and is the most commonly used oral estrogen for women in Europe and the United States. (2) estradiol, the main premenopausal endogenous estrogen, which can be taken orally or made into skin patches, gels, or vaginal suppositories; (3) Levitra, a synthetic, low-activity estrogen with both low-activity progestin and androgen-like effects; (4) selective estrogen receptor modulators, commonly used as raloxifene and tamoxifen, which exhibit estrogen-like effects in bone tissue and estrogen-like effects in the breast and uterus (5) Phytoestrogens, mainly soy isoflavones, are reported to have precise effects in anti-cancer, prevention of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis, and have a very bright application prospect; 3. For more than half a century, estrogen replacement therapy has been sought after by both doctors and patients, but the potential risks of estrogen replacement therapy have attracted more and more attention from researchers. These include increased risk of breast cancer, endometrial cancer, stroke, and venous thrombosis, while the previously believed role of estrogen in protecting the cardiovascular system is still controversial; estrogen replacement therapy needs to be further standardized. Estrogen should not be treated as a health product, and it should not be assumed that estrogen can prevent aging. The course of estrogen replacement therapy should preferably not exceed five years, and the medication should be individualized, and both doctors and patients should clearly understand the risks involved in the treatment process. In conclusion, estrogen replacement therapy is an effective treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis, but there are certain risks involved in the treatment process. Therefore, it is important to find a specialist to use the medication in a reasonable manner, and not to use it casually on your own, let alone as a supplement. In addition, the pathogenesis of osteoporosis is very complex, and treatment is not only a matter of using estrogen, but may also require calcium, vitamin D, calcitonin and other medications.