Kidney stones can cause an increase in leukocytes, mainly because they can cause urinary tract obstruction, which can lead to urinary tract infections, either asymptomatic bacteriuria or with obvious symptoms of urinary tract infection. In mild infections, white blood cells will not be elevated, and only white blood cells can be detected in the urine; when there are obvious symptoms of urinary tract infection, there will be mild to moderate elevation of white blood cells; obstruction combined with infection can further lead to fluid or pus accumulation in the renal calyces, causing infection of the renal parenchyma and developing into perinephric infection, and there will be obvious moderate to severe elevation of white blood cells. Anti-infection treatment is needed in a timely manner. Cephalosporin or penicillin anti-inflammatory drugs can be used, as well as quinolones anti-inflammatory drugs, which are more effective, but the treatment period is longer, and can be discontinued or intensified according to the patient’s symptoms and signs.