The inflammatory response is a complex set of defenses that organisms have selected over the course of evolution to stimulate appropriate responses. However surgery and trauma may induce an excessive inflammatory cascade response leading to severe injury or even death. The excessive inflammatory response after liver surgery may be even more significant and critical. The article alerts clinicians to place a high priority on studying the damage of the excessive inflammatory response in relation to extensive hepatic resection and the damage of the excessive inflammatory response to the remaining liver after hepatic resection. Initial research on anti-inflammatory mediator therapy focused on antibodies to various pro-inflammatory factors, receptor antagonists, and competitive receptor antagonists. The first FDA-approved drug regarding the treatment of severe sepsis (Drotrecogin Alfa), the authors’ experimental studies in blocking the excessive inflammatory response after hepatectomy and protecting the remaining hepatocytes.