Brainstem gliomas are rare in clinical practice, and the location of the brainstem is a dense functional area that has been considered off-limits for surgery by physicians, but with the continued use of new radiation therapy techniques, the prognosis for brainstem glioma patients has improved significantly, although the overall prognosis is poor. Experts point out that, according to the literature, the prognosis varies widely from 0 to 5 years and is 50%. Based on the progressive aggravation of brainstem glioma and the high mortality rate, many scholars tend to group them independently. In general, adult patients have a better prognosis than pediatric patients, and non-diffuse gliomas have a better prognosis than diffuse gliomas. The treatment of glioma generally advocates a combination of surgical resection + chemotherapy + radiotherapy, with the aim of prolonging survival and delaying recurrence. However, due to the difficulty of complete surgical resection and easy recurrence, radiotherapy is mostly used. Currently, radiation therapy for brainstem glioma is carried out using highly intelligent gamma knife, proton therapy and Norrie knife systems. Gamma knife, which has the advantages of both neurosurgery and radiotherapy, has become the main means of new conventional treatment for glioma this year. However, there are differences in the radiation therapy techniques given and the systems used. Brainstem gliomas are treated in the best way by diagnostic imaging for different sizes and biological behavior characteristics. Non-diffuse surgical treatment is more effective, and radiation therapy is given after surgery, and more than 90% of patients with this type of follow-up for 3-4 years have relatively stable disease.